A Case Study of Nabil Bank

CHAPTER- I INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Concept of depository pecuniary institutioning The term stick is derived from the latin article bancus, Italian word banca, French word banque which essence bench utilise by medieval funds exchanges and German word margin which means colligation stock company. According to oxford dictionary assert means an establishment for corroborateing money and valuable safety of the money being salaried out on the customer order by means of cheque.Historic each(prenominal)y, banks have been recognized for the great range of monetary function they offer from checking accounts of saving plans to loan for businesses consumers and governments. Hence, bank can be place by the function they per give in the economy. Bank is a monetary institution which deals with money. Banks collect the money from the surplus unit (savers) and lend to dearth units (users). Bank raises the funds by accepting deposits, borrowing funds and unexclusiveize justice.These fund s ar used by the banks to buy securities and to make loans. Since, it accepts deposits and grants loan, it is regarded as the trader of money. Banks can be divided int three types on the merelytocks of their functions and serve ie. Central bank, commercial bank and Development bank. Commercial bank offer serve to individuals, hey are primarily concerned with receiving deposits and lending to businesses. Commercial bank is also known as the financial service unavoidably in the economy. 1. Introduction of Nabil apparelment Banking Nabil Bank Limited, the first foreign joint venture bank of Nepal, started operations in July 1984. It has paid up cracking of NRs200 one billion million million. Nabil was incorporated with the objective of extending international standard modern banking serve to heterogeneous sectors of the society. Pursuing its objective, Nabil provides a full range of commercial banking go with its 47 points of representation across the kingdom and over 17 0 reputed similar banks across the globe.Nabil Bank Limited with its mission to be the 1st pick Provider of Complete Financial Solutions ventured into great(p) grocery store link activities and incepted its full owned ancillary Nabil giftment Banking Ltd. (Nabil entrust) which renders investing banking related function to the masses. Thus, Nabil embellish targets to establish itself as one of the leading merchandiser Bankers in its oblivious span of operation and as an Investment Banker with plastered professional expertness in long run introducing innovative products and services in the Nepali peachy market with strict adherence to prevalent rules and regulations. . 2. 1 go of Nabil Investment Banking Nabil Invest renders its institutional and retail clients huge range of services some of which are delivered currently while others leave behind be delivered in due course with required exploration & innovation and due favorable reception received from the Regula tors as and when required, detailed as under 1.Management of Public Offers/ encourage Public Offers Nabil Invest renders both its institutional and retail client services of managing public offer of shares/ debentures/right issuance of securities to existing shareholders/further public offer of securities etc to its byplay and has team of professional expertise to render step services at competitive rates. . Underwriting Nabil invest on selective solelyt post independent appraisal of proposals reviewed through its professional team is reading underwriting related services to its clientele as SEBON has made it mandatory for every institutions going public to underwrite at least fifty share of the securities on offer prior public issue. 3. Portfolio ManagementThe Clients can delegate all their investment management related decisions to a pool of corporate pay experts of Nabil Invest who inturn will use the vast pool of industry special data collected and analyzed by its resea rch unit for reservation investments for clients portfolio which focuses primarily on safety of principal investment along with maximation of returns to Clients. 4. Registrar to Securities (RTS)Nabil Invest renders Registrar to Securities (RTS) related services to the valued shareholders of its institutional client and in the process keep on improving eccentric & seasonable delivery of services, the major hitch in this nature of services by competing institutions. 5. Loan Syndication Nabil Invest will use its existing affinity with other Banks/Financial Institutions to acquire required financial support for the financial closure of certain projects which it identifies as feasible and recommends for investment.The financial closure will be reached with either one institution or a class of Banks/Financial Institutions depending on the size of projects and the requirement to diversify the risks to various portfolios from the slice of member Banks/Financial Institutions. 6. Other Services Besides the services identified, Nabil Invest will always keep on exploring innovative products and services that matches regional and global standards and target to launch the same in customization with the local market with due approval taken from the Regulators, if & when required.Thus, Nabil Invest intends to cater wide clientele transformation Investment Banking related services setting example and obtaining first mover advantage in the capital market of the country. 1. 3 Objectives of the field bat The objectives of the fieldwork are as follows- ?To identify capital organize of Nabil Invest ?To analyze financial position and performance of Nabil Invest ? To evaluate portfolio of Nabil Invest 1. 4 Methods of data collection Data collection is the process of collection of data and knowledge through different sources or methods. To prepare this fieldwork report, the following method has been used- Secondary Method-The data , which is not orginally collected but obtai ned from make and unpublished sources, are called secondary data. These data are not captain in character. The sources helping as secondary data for this field work reports are the annual reports of Nabil Bank, websites of nabil bank and nabil investment, books etc. CHAPTER-II DATA ANALYSIS AND presentment 2. 1 with child(p) Structure of Nabil Invest Table 2. 1 bang-up Structure ProposedEffective NRs(000)%NRs(000)% Nabil Bank78000527800074. 29 CG Finco P. Ltd27000182700025. 71 world-wide Public4500030-- Total150000100105000100 bug- Annual wrap up of Nabil Bank From the to a higher place parry, it is shown the proposed and effective capital structure of Nabil invest. Nabil Invest proposed 52% capital of Nabil Bank, 18% capital of CG Finco P. Ltd and 30% capital of General Public. However, Nabil Invests effective capital structure is 74. 29% by Nabil Bank and 25. 71% by CG Finco P. Ltd. It can be shown graphically as follows- physical body 2. 1- A Pie chart of Proposed Capit al Structure of Nabil Invest physique 2. 2- A Pie chart of Effective Capital Structure of Nabil Invest 2. 2 Financial position and performance of Nabil Invest 2. 2. 1 balance wheel sheet of Nabil InvestTable 2. 2 NRs(000) Capital & Liabilities2010/112009/10 Share Capital10500070000 Reserves and Surplus7457-529 Accounts Payable72182628 Provision for Staff Bonus1065- Deferred revenue Liability60- Other Liabilities and Provisions69417 Total12149472117 Assets2010/112009/10 Balance with banks2633770000 Investments83400- Advance revenue (net of income tax liabilities)4453- Fixed assets (net of depreciation)61691941 Deferred tax assets-176 Other assets1135- Total12149472117 In the above, the balance sheet size grew by around 68% mainly due to rise in paid up capital.Paid-up capital which got increased by NRs. 35million was contributed by CG Finco P. Ltd. NRs. 27 million and Nabil Bank NRs. 8 million. In addition, net realize earned during the course of instruction also contributed to increment. Net worth of the Company surpassed paid-up capital aft(prenominal) it registered profit. It can be graphically presented as below- design- A Bar Diagram of Assets And Share Capital of Nabil Invest 2. 2. 2 Income parameter of Nabil Invest Table 2. 3NRs (000) Particulars2010/112009/10 IPO Fees305- delight Income12979- Management Services6196- Gross Income19480- Personnel Expenses1574222General Operating Expenses4927482 depreciation charge1267- Gross expenses7768705 Operating returns11712-705 Staff Bonus1065- Profit before value10647-705 Tax Expense2662-176 Profit after Tax7985-529 Opening Retained Earning-529- Closing Retained Earning7457-529 Source- Annual Report of Nabil Bank A significant volume of the profit was contributed by delight income which not only incorporates return on equity placement but also the proceeds realized in the form of sharing of reside income with BFIs / Other Institutions whose public offers are being managed by NI in the capacity of Is sue Manager.In addition, the Company also managed to earn returns by rendering specialized management services to the Bank. It is graphically Presented as - Fig- A bar diagram of profit of Nabil Invest 2. 3 Portfolios of Nabil Invest Table2. 4 (in million) Particulars2010/112009/10 1. Nepal presidency Treasury Bills64895896 2. Nepal organisation Saving Bonds-- 3. Nepal Government other securities22552077 4. Nepal Rastra Bank Bonds-- 5. Foreign Bonds178187 6. Local Licensed Institutions305- 7. Foreign Banks36615391 8. nonionized Institutions Shares192159 9.Organized Institutions Bonds andDebentures-- 10. Other Investments 10. 1 NCM Mutual fund1. 21. 2 10. 2 Swift Investment1. 61. 5 Total Investment13082. 813712. 7 Source- Annual Report of Nabil Bank The above table shows the portfolios of Nabil Invest in different securities and bonds. Here the two years monetary years investment portfolios are provided. In the given table the highest summate of investment was done in Government Treasury Bills. It can be identify that Nabil Invest is targeted towards the Government T- bills and securities. It can be due to no default risk and it is a risk free asset.I has also a high rate of investment in foreign banks. The terminal heart and soul of investment of Nabil Invest is in mutual fund and Swift Investment. The above table is presented in a graph as below- Fig- A bar diagram of Portfolios of Nabil Invest 2. 4 Study leave alone After thoroughly analyzing, it is analyzed that Nabil bank has been operating as the subsidiary bank for Investments ie. Nabil Investment Banking. Nabil Investment Banking (Nabil Invest) is providing innovative, quality and timely services to the investors at large. From the analysis of data, it the capital structure of Nabil Invest has been identified.The proposed capital structure of Nabil Invest is 52% by Nabil bank, 18% by CG Finco P. Ltd and 30% by the General Public. But it is in effect that 74. 29% of capital is owned by Nabil bank and 25. 71% capital is owned by CG Finco P. Ltd. From this it can In F/Y 2009/10, the profit after tax is negative NRs 529,000 whereas in F/Y 2010/11, the profit after tax is NRs 7,985,000. This shows the increasing turn out of profit of Nabil Invest. The high volume of the profit was contributed by the interest income. The portfolios of investment shows the different areas of investment by Nabil Invest.The highest amount of investment of Nabil Invest was Government Treasury bills for financial year 2009/10 and 2010/11 ie. NRs 5896 million NRs 6489 million respectively. It has also invested in Government Bonds, Securities and other Investments. CHAPTER-III SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 3. 1 Summary NABIL Bank stands as the Bank of 1st Choice in the industry considering its network, a number of branches, a large capital base, different customized services and products, a chain of ATMs service points covering a wide regional / local spectrum. NABIL stands ahead in everything it does.The strategic purpose of Nabil is to cook values and economic opportunities across all the economic zones of the country and architecting products and services to that end. Nabil Investment Banking (Nabil Invest), a subsidiary of Nabil bank Ltd is rendering the investment banking related services to the masses. Thus, Nabil Invest targets to establish itself as one of the leading Merchant Bankers in its short span of operation and as an Investment Banker with strong professional expertise in long run introducing innovative products and services in the Nepalese capital market with strict adherence to prevailing rules and regulations.From the analysis, Nabil Invest has 74. 29% capital of Nabil Bank and 25. 71% capital of CG Finco P. Ltd. However, the proposed capital structure of NI is 52% of Nabil Bank, 18% of CG Finco P. Ltd and 30% of General Public. The income disputation of Nabil Invest shows increasing trend of profit in each fiscal year ie. NRs 7985000 in F/Y 2010/11 and negative NRs 529000 in F/Y 2009/10. In fiscal year 2010/11 the profit was contributed by the interest income which not only incorporates return on equity placement but also the proceeds realized in the form of sharing of interest income.The balance sheet of Nabil Invest shows the increase in amount of share capital of Nabil Invest as well as increased in fixed assets and other assets. From Investments Portfolios of Nabil Invest, it is recognized that highest amount of investment has been made for the Government Treasury Bills in each fiscal year. The lowest amount of investment has been made for other investments like NCM Mutual storehouse and Swift Investment. 3. 2 Conclusion From the above study, it is clear that for the purpose -To be the first Choice Provider of Complete Financial Solutions Nabil bank has created a subsidiary ie.Nabil Investment Banking Ltd. (Nabil Invest). Nabil Investment over the period will be managing public issues, underwriting of securities, management of clients portfolio & rendering the services of the registrar to securities to client institutions. In addition, the unit will also be delivering Bond/Debenture trust territory services, work as Assets Management Company of the mutual fund promoted by Nabil, provide investment advisory services etc.Further, the Unit will keep on exploring and introducing innovative instruments in the Nepalese capital market. It is providing innovative, quality and timely services to the investors at large. Thus, the ultimate goal of Nabil Invest would be to change the unit as just not a Merchant Banker but as an Investment Banker providing innovative, quality and timely services to the investors at large. This would tag itself from its competitors and create a niche of itself in the market.

Language Learning

IntroductionA extraneous diction is the wording that population from a nonher unique(predicate) hoidenish/nation speak. Why should we intoxicate orthogonal spoken oral communications? As abrupt Smith (Voxy, 2011) stated One langu board sets you in a corridor for life. dickens dictions open every door along the way.Learning a international language is a fundamental way to broaden ones horizon, to line up a job, to communicate with people from all over the world, to understand and pry other civilizations, to study or work abroad, to consume acquaintance from the contrary media and others. The list of the gains of speaking a abroad language is endless. It is not but about having the skills to speak a language it withal serves personal authority to grow and to improve oneself.In the era of ball-shapedization and massive migration, language acquirement is much take aimed than ever before. The last decades, millions of people make believe been moving from one pl ace to another (for various reasons such as political, economical, cultural reasons) in show to ameliorate their lives and get more opportunities to mother themselves. This situation sets the language learning inevitable beca drill without it people could simply not communicate.As gentility has been always the most shaping mechanism, strange language t individuallying is a main purpose in nowadays schooling. A give away note of UNESCOs proposes in the Guidelines on Intercultural statement is that the role of language is a basic tool by dint of education to arise arrest among peoples cultures (Cowen, 2009, p. 1019).The primary winding education level is considered one of the most important periods in a childs life. It is a core-stage that comes after pre-schooling, where children get the basic knowledge in straddle to evolve themselves and to build later a personal cognitive scheme where they can add all the following knowledge they atomic number 18 firing to face durin g education (either formal or informal).School curriculums worldwide allow in teaching students at least one compulsory foreign language as they start primary school. Regularly, those school curricula in each dry land form the way of language teaching and they be continuously flavor for the best methods and policies in order to achieve the greatest cognitive result. Education should prioritize and support the language teaching in favor of students to piddle access to a very broad information/knowledge area.side as a foreign language in EuropeHaving a global language makes our lives much simpler and our communication attainable. The selection of face language benefits people from different national contexts to connect and interact in several levels (for casing educational, professional, political, social level). In fact, without having a common language as a means of communication, the struggle of it would be noticeable everywhere in our lives. fit in to Collins Dictionary for the definition incline as a foreign language is the practice and theory of learning and teaching slope for use in countries where it is not an official medium ( position as a unknown Language definition and meaning Collins English Dictionary).The heads of European Union in 2002, focuse on a two foreign language teaching from a very early age. This process would unfold childrens tolerance to deal with the different cultures and/or languages. The positive outcomes of this action would also benefit children in cognitive and schoolman level as they would be more effective in all other areas (Dedrinou, 2013, p.46). Therefore, the urgent need of foreign language acquisition is a vital way out in recent years schooling and its position becomes stronger and stronger.Reviewing the Key information of teaching languages at schools in Europe the most common foreign language that students learn in primary and secondary school, is English. English is a mandatory foreign language in nearl y all education systems that stipulate a particular foreign language that all students must study, that is, in intimately half of the European countries studied (Union, 2018, p.13).The percentage of European students learning English during the whole process of education is 97.3%. In primordial schools it is lower (79.4%) overdue to the non-compulsory character of English teaching at the root years (grades) of uncomplicated education in several countries. The last ten years 18.7% more primary school students were learning English compared to 2005. The reason is that the starting pip of English teaching moved in lower grades of schooling (Union, 2018).Aim and significanceThe bribe exam stem points to reflect the importance of learning the first foreign language from the very early age of Primary school. Moreover, it aims to add knowledge to the existent information in language learning generally and especially in these two countries, in order to promote international overview understanding of educational methods and policies.The cases of Greece and Sweden are compared as a means to review the similarities and the differences of language teaching practices in each educational system. The Swedes are highly propel to learn English and their rankings are on the top of the list of non- congenital English speakers (Number 2 among 80 countries/regions)(EF EPI 2017 Sweden,). Greek people spent a jeopardy in special English teaching outside school and they barely achieve proficiency in English as they finish their education (Number 23 among 80 countries/regions) (EF EPI 2017 Greece,).These rankings above inspired the author of the present written report to examine the process of English language teaching in these two particular proposition primary school systems. Featured information within this paper could help to point out and explain each systems weaknesses and also, to highlight earnest quality methods or/and results.The two country selection is also , authors high-interest topic. Specifically, Sweden is often used as a great example of educating students with innovative techniques and considerable results. Greece is the authors country of origin. As a result of personal experience as a student and as an English language underground teacher in six-year old children, this paper aims to examine the teaching process and efficiency in Greece. It is considerable to examine the whole process of English learning in Greece because it is not only about schooling but also, a matter of external factors. The analysis of Greece is a slightly more extended by the case of the explanation of these external factors mentioned above.Of special concern is to pose many basic questions that are going to be investigated within this paperWhich age is the most suitable to start learning a first foreign language?Who supposes to teach the foreign language?How children that are taught English carry out in two different countries?How the teaching process is accomplished in Greece and Sweden?What the current data state about total student opinion in English?Which countrys method seems to be more efficient?MethodFirstly, as far as the comparative part within this paper, it is based on the famous cube by Bray and Thomas. The elect dimensions/ levels of comparison are the following age groups (primary school children), countries (Sweden and Greece) and teaching methods (first foreign language teaching) (Bray, Adamson & Mason, 2014, p. 9). This multilevel analysis gives comparative approach to an international issue, the one of teaching the first foreign language. The aspects of comparison are three so this cube is a perfect model of comparative usage because it makes it more comprehensible and accessible.The specific comparison constitutes an indisputable piece of internationalist and Comparative Education and as Marshall reports Comparisons enable us to view education from alternative perspectives, potentially leading to a greater u nderstanding of the world, the people who live in it, and the issues they may face. (Marshall, 2014, p.61-62).Furthermore, the main material information for the two comparing countries is serene from the Eurydice Report of EU Publications Key data on teaching languages at school in Europe. This report contains information and statistics in language teaching from 42 countries/regions in Europe. Due to the broad character of the report, the chosen level is primary schools and English language teaching in two Greece and Sweden. However, the report includes data for second language teaching in each country or minority language teaching (Union, 2018).Research in journal articles, academic papers and web pages contributed to indentify the process of learning English as the first foreign language and both the similarities and differences in the countries of question. International and Comparative educations literature is also used to examine papers topic through the lens of the field.Lim itationsAs already mentioned above, the main material within this paper comes from a European Report found on Eurydice, where the phenomenon of language teaching is examined in 42 European countries/regions. It was not possible to compare all these countries/regions, the levels of education or several languages provided during education and come to conclusions, so the selected areas are proficient two countries (Greece and Sweden), one foreign language (English) and one level ( Primary education). Therefore the language teaching in secondary education and the learning outcomes of both countries are not examined and well-explained in the present paper.As it is expect in every national context, social, historical, economical and lingual reasons shape a different reality in each country. In this paper those reasons are not analyzed due to papers formation. For instance, Swedish language structure is close-hauled (comparing to Greek) to the English one, so the Swedes are way more fami liar with the English alphabet, grammar, vocabulary and sentence structure . Therefore it is expected that the Swedes are more likely able to conquer the target language rather than anyone else whose native language is quite different (Igawa & Yagi, 2011, p. 106). Probably, it is an interesting perspective for future academic research and analysis.Moreover, the following analysis of Greece is going to reveal the situation of additional English classes that Greek students are encouraged to take in order to ameliorate their English status. These classes divide into two categories Foreign Language Schools (Frontistiria) and private lessons at home (Idietera mathimata). As it comes to the second option (private lessons at home) data is limited owing to the informal character of these lessons.

Sociology: Marx, Weber & Feminist Theory

1. autho out bent-grassd bolshie theories pee-pee served as a springboard of inspiration for a variety of coeval theoreticians ch on the onlyenging the following state of familiarity and involvement friendly nicety and a fair baseball club. Consequently, womens liberationist standpoint theories, theories that champion a specific inclining, align with common disciplines put in throughout Marxist interpretations of alliance, with an emphasis on the development of undivided schemas dependent upon the relationship among the soulfulness and their stinting and material conditions.Although the inception of the separation of and disparities between loving come apartes is relevant in libber standpoint supposition, libber theories contri stille an entirely unconventional dimension to the Eurocentric, masculinist dwarfd sociological treat nigh oppression gender. Marxs theories of edict developed somewhat what he considered an unfair and unjust fraternity in wh ich ii classes hold outed, determined by the coincidence of birth, which Marx coined the businessperson, the proclaimers of the means of product, and the p subroutinetariat, the occupy earning constancyers who commence alienated from their acquire due to soci fit constraints.Marx cerebrated in diachronic philistinism and class struggle, demonstrating that the private ownership of the means of turnout changed the bourgeois to fulfil note function everywhere the larger, powerless proletariats who provided the labor for the means of wargon. As a reverberation of this disparity of power Marx think friendly and moral problems were inherent to a capitalist system, which forced competition and created unnecessary antagonisms, fundamentally isolating the proletariat in their companionable position for generations.womens liberationist standpoint theories aver the ticker of Marxs disposition regarding the injustice found in smart set, as it is ac knowledged that in that location is a clear disparity of power in caller among stratified bases of mass. Yet or else of managementing on the owner of the means of production versus the wage laborers or proletariats, womens liberationist standpoint theories start the argument to include the dimension of gender and emphasize the necessity of including feminist becomes.According to feminist standpoint theories, the concrete experience of fe males and males is historically opposite, as they argon required by troupe to play very incompatible roles. Feminist theories micturate on Marxs standpoint of experience found on genial class and include the systematic oppression in a indian lodge that devalues womens knowledge and experiences. One feminist standpoint theorist in particular demonstrated the subtle differences between standpoint theories and Marxs theories on society.Patricia Hill collins matrix of domination surmisal agrees that in that location is a top-down power struggle in soc iety that forces and controls defiant victims, so far in distributively case notes that an individual has the efficacy to be the oppressor, a fellow member of an oppressed separate or some(prenominal) simultaneously, citing gender and class as variables of oppression. Collins continues to purport that it is the oppressed or accessory individuals and groups in society who possess the roughly comprehensive companionable knowledge of power organises and their affects on these individuals and groups due to their sociable positions.Marx sought change in society and act to inspire a revolution amongst the proletariat, with an everywherethrow of the capitalist system. Collins trainks to look the struggle with a more Gordian location, alter the observation that throng simultaneously experience and resist oppression, implying that there is more control in the hands of the oppressed than what was previously prospect. Just as Marx challenged the capitalist system, feminis t standpoint theory further challenges the existing male- colored conventional knowledge.In both theories there exists the implication that the experiences of individuals is shaped by their fond position, and a hierarchy of power relations exists among those who have and those who have not, or the oppressor and the oppressed. However, although Marxs theories on society and feminist standpoint theories sh be the emphasis on individual experience creation shaped by neighborly position, Marx riveted on class from an scotch standpoint while feminist theory added to the intervention of kind injustice by incorporating a brand- mod dimension, gender.While Marx was more arouse in kindly justice for the proletariat, feminist standpoint theory extended this genial justice to include the day to day concrete experiences of females with respect to their different knowledge of the institution, as well as various opposite hooked groups whose eyeshots atomic number 18 often left ou t of the intercourse on society. In conclusion, the comprehensive discussion of class relations that has been on-going for centuries has continued to arise everywhere time and length, xtending the constructs of social justice and a fair society to various subordinate groups. I victuals Marxs theories of society dower as a signifi dejectiont platform for the descending schools of popular opinion to build off of, with shargond ends of social justice and a fair society. The differences elicit be attributed to the historical context of the development of these theories, with the discourse of sociology seen as an ongoing continuum.Sociological implications are inspirational, as it has been seen that within the discussion of social justice subordinate groups are gaining attention and credibility, and I believe it green goddess be concluded that beca hire of this criticism of the existent state of society, society has begun to im lift. With the emersion of Marxist enliven femin ist standpoint theory in the middle of the 20th vitamin C, womens experiences have been acknowledged and improved because of their visibility in academic discourse.I project the Marxist call for an run of subordination in the existent social structure, tended to(p) by feminist standpoint theories that extend to include all subordinate groups that struggle with societal constraints. 2. The structure of the reviews of apprehension and knowledge provided by Foucault agree the underlying fancys and arguments found in the feminist critiques of scholarship and positivism, only the heighten of topics are differentiated along gender lines and the quest for the origins of rectitude, or the acceptance that truth itself is openive.Both Foucault and feminist critiques share a common theme of mistrust of authoritative power, and the social injustice stemming from this authoritative power. As a post-positivist philosopher with an interest in power relations and the capacity of po wer to dominate western culture, Foucault offers criticisms of cognition and knowledge rooted in the distrust he well-kept for the developments of science representing improved reference and authority.Foucault emphasized the quest to rule the roots of truth values in the social context of science but rejected an account of science as ideological and argued that the discourse of scientific knowledge is constraining of what scientists themselves can see, but more importantly is plenteous and enabling for the production and solving of problems, the construction of data, and thereof the production of new knowledge to be interpreted wide s valid, or world-wide truth. For post-modernists, such(prenominal) as Foucault, science is nothing more than an allegement derived from subjective orientations, or a social construction. Feminist theorists corroborate this picture and interpret the power and injustice stemming from science with a different sociological perspective, a female stan dpoint.Feminist theorists believe mainstream science is a product of a patriarchy, and despite being portrayed as universal, value-free and neutral in its pursuit of truth or knowledge deemed valuable for all, it is actually organized in a counsel that systematically oppresses and harms women based on their gender. Feminists believe that the production of knowledge is a social activity, embedded in a accredited culture and worldview, echoing the social construction of knowledge purported by Foucault.Feminist critics of science have noted that Western science, as it has developed since the Enlightenment, is determined by governmental, economic and social conditions, which are based on a time-worn bless. Feminists go on to note that women themselves were left out of the development of science, and as a consequence of being perceived as closer to character than men with respect to their capacity for feelings and emotions, were ruled out as speculative for reasoning abilities.Fouc aults main concern throughout his lifetime of publications r educate around the relationship between power and knowledge, and how one affected the other. Citing Nietzsches considerations of a will to power motivating hu earth behavior with the declining of traditionalistic values losing power over society is built upon by Foucaults further analysis of knowledge ceasing to be liberating and alternatively becoming a mode of sur blurlance, regulation, and discipline. Foucault excessively argued that power itself creates new objects of knowledge and accumulates new bodies of information.The feminist critiques on positivism shares common characteristics with Foucaults critical theories of science and knowledge, as feminists tend to adopt an anti-positivist, anti-science position due largely to the male reign social science research. Despite positivist views put forrard by such true theorists as Emile Durkheim, supporting the necessity of objectiveness in research, feminist critiqu es argue for subjectivity. According to feminist critique, male social science researchers accommodate careDurkheim claimed objectivity by citing non-involvement in social problems, enabling them to duration themselves from their forgiving subjects of research and omitting their research goals, as well as claimed scientific truth for their theories by imitating quantitative methods of the natural sciences. In an effort to parallel the natural sciences with sociology, furthering the flavor that science is in fact objective, Durkheim conducted a psychoanalyze on felo-de-se and measured it using the scientific method and quantitative observations.The feminist criticism notes the results of paralleling the natural sciences with sociology were often blatantly untrue and biased against women, with science and social science being manipulated to harm women, for example by neglecting to appropriate equalise value of their experiences with that of their male counterparts. Most of importly, feminist critique argues the pursuit of objectivity in science and the pursuit of truth are impossible, and by pretending that they are possible the scientific community is deceiving the public.In conclusion, feminist critiques of science and positivism are directly paralleled with the concepts found in Foucaults critiques of science and knowledge. In both instances, I support the arguments that center on the use up to beneathstand the ambiguity and cultural context of the opinion of universal truth and for scientific and social research to be sensitive to the dangers of objectivity regarding such truth. I believe the scientific approach is useful but misguided as subjectivity is inherent in the search for truth and knowledge.These critiques have significant sociological implications as the existing state of male-centered scientific research is being challenged in a way that will be productive for the various sub-groups within society, in particular along gender lines . 3. The concept of modernness in general refers to a post-feudal historical period that is characterized by the persist away from feudalism and toward capitalism, come with by all of the ripple effects initiated by capitalism, such as the industrialization and secularization of society that is maintained and controlled through extensive surveillance. Modernity ocuses on the affects that the rise of capitalism has had on social relations, and notes Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber as influential theorists commenting on this phenomenon. For the purposes of this assignment, I will be focusing on the concepts and analyses of Marx and Weber. Karl Marx is perhaps the startle in a series of late nineteenth and early 20th century theorists who initiated the call for an empirical approach to social science, theorizing about the rise of modernity accompanied by the simultaneous decline in traditional societies and advocating for a change in the means of production in order to en able social justice.Marxs analysis of modernity reveals his conceptualization of modern society as being dictated by the fast advancement of productive forces of modern industry, and the corresponding relationships of production between the capitalist and the wage laborers. In addition, Marx in any case examined the concept of class interest, which seeks to further the life of capitalism as those individuals or groups who have power hunt to retain this power at the despair of the subordinate, socially powerless individuals and groups.The fast advancement of major(ip) innovations afterwards the Enlightenment period known as modernity stood in mere(a) contrast to the incremental development of even the most intricate pre-modern societies, which truism productive forces develop at a much slower pace, over hundreds or thousands of years as compared to modern times, with swift growth and change. This frightful contrast fascinated Marx who traced the spawning of modern capitalis m in the Communist Manifesto, citing this move into speed as the heat which generated the creation of the global division of labor and a greater variety of productive forces than anytime before.Ultimately, Marxs approach is outflank known as an effort to come to terms with the unprecedentedly rapid development of the new capitalist world and the consequential development and registration of social constraints. Marx concluded that modernity was a social construction of human race, and as a creation of globe, mankind could reverse it and with the public class-consciousness acknowledging this rule, revolution, followed by utopia, was inevitable. In contrast, Max Weber found that social life did not evolve according to his rule, and, un analogous Marx, Weber did not anticipate a authorised end of modernity but instead viewed modernity and the outlook of mankind as an open query, with an answer impossible to predict. Webers disposition on modernity transformed modern society into a nonliteral iron cage. The iron cage represents societys web with the modern, equip transformation of society initially thought to be controllable, with the ability to detangle itself from the machines at any time, like a cloak that can be removed.Throughout history, however, Marx notes that this entanglement has become permanent and the individual has been locked in a cage by a modern society, with the implementation of more social control unequivocal in excessive bureaucracy. Karl Marx and Max Weber have made significant contributions to the field of sociology, and I support both theorists in their arguments. I believe that Marx was correct in regards to his conceptualization of the social structure being of mans creation and therefore within the realm of change under the direction of man. However I believe that limitations exist in the rare nature of his utopian dream.Maintaining a utopian objective as the goal of social change exposes the inherently distorted analysis of soc iological phenomenon, as there is neglect of examining social issues from a micro, day-to-day orientation essentially proving the existence of a Eurocentric male bias historically found within the playing area of sociology. I also agree with Webers connection between the Protestant work ethic and the consequent rise of capitalism as is found in his work The Protestant realise Ethic, which implicates religion as the locomotive that enabled the rapid development of capitalism.However I rise limitations with the primacy placed on the influence of religion as the sole engine for capitalism. Marx and Weber lived and worked in a distinctive scholarly snatch in time, after theological persuasive power had declined and while sociological analysis maintained a fresh outlook on classical theories. During this moment in time Marx and Weber also experienced the rapid transformation of society dictated by modern forces, which would influence their focus and work.Marx and Weber, whos work h as been critiqued and totald to by time to come theorists as society continues to rapidly transform into a in full fit out, technologically dependent society, holds sociological implications in the theorists whose work has been influenced by their analysis of modernity. 4. The Marxist perspective on work and capitalism is paralleled in many ways with Max Webers perspective on these issues, with subtle differences stemming from the antecedent of capitalism.For Marx, the theory of historical materialism held that all human institutions, including religion, were based on economic foundations, with the implication that the economic foundations came first. In contrast, Webers The Protestant Ethic challenges this assertion and instead implicates a religious movement as responsible for fostering capitalism, still doesnt fully discount the theories of Marx. According to Marx, it is historical materialism that fuels the engine of society.Historical materialism examines the causes of de velopments and changes in human society in regards to the incarnate production of life necessities, with non-economic characteristics of society, such as religious ideologies, seen as a repercussion of its economic activity. The emphasis on material objects, or commodities, during the newly mechanized time period influenced the construction of a labor class that performed activities that were detached from their face-to-face identities.As private ownership over the means of production reduces the role of the worker to that of a cog in a machine, as Marx acutely determined, the worker becomes an expendable object that performs routinzed t assumes. For Marx, working simply for capital, in essence seen as a means to an end, and neglecting the creative potential for labor itself was akin to selling ones soul. Weber, on the other hand, did not fully discount Marxs theories but added to them and incidentally sparked a parley that has become a historically significant and enduring s ociological debate.Weber proposed that ideology fostered capitalism, in part resulting from the absence of assurances from religious authorities. Weber argued that Protestants began to look for other signs that they were saved, and, spurred on by Calvinist thought processs of predestination, in which individuals identified their central duty to prove their salvation accompanied by the rejection of having too much wealth, capitalism prospered. fundamentally self-confidence replaced the priestly assurance of Gods kindness, and a way for this self-confidence to anifest itself and be measured was with worldly success, and profit became a evident blessing from God that enabled followers to feel confidence that they were going to heaven. This fanaticism toward achieving self-confidence through the production of profits encapsulates the Spirit of Capitalism, and it was within this whole tone that capitalism flourished. Weber described a paradox regarding this Protestant work ethic.On t he one hand, Protestants desperately sought the accumulation of worldly wealth in an attempt to give them self-confidence that God has chosen them and they will be granted salvation. However, on the other hand, Protestants were also intricately passionate about frivolous purchasing of luxuries being perceived as a sin, accompanied by complex limitations for extricating the money. In order to resolve this paradox the money was invested, giving life to the class distinctions along the lines of those who possess, and those who do not.Adam Smith pave the way for this phenomenon of investment and class divergence, citing the existence of those who work hard and those who do not, and that over time those who work hard and can be make will accumulate wealth. I applaud Webers a priori surfacing of the irony of the Protestant work ethic, which views ideology as being composed of the need to be posthumously saved through their religion, and yet this motivational work ethic would inspire th e distribution of excessive meshwork to maintain their religious ideals, spawning and encouraging capitalism.Marxist perspectives are limited by the need for further examination of the causes and continuations of capitalism throughout the current state of society, particularly with respect to the rapid transformation and globalization of the economy. If further analysis reveals the causation of capitalism and the structure that continues to keep it running, then it may reveal implications that mankind can control the economic and social conditions of humanity. With the appropriate critiques of capitalism in a contemporary society there may be a potential for social justice. . Social work on and interaction can be explained in a number of ways, and in the field of sociology exists two major theoretical orientations that aim to discover whether the hierarchy of influence between individuals and society is macro, with society influencing the individual, or micro, with the individual influencing society. Herbert Blumers interpretation of symbolic interactionism demonstrates the suffice of interaction from a micro perspective, demonstrated in the formation of meanings for individuals.As behind Dewey influenced Blumer, Blumer believed human beings are best understood in relation to their surroundings and used this concept as inspiration for the teaching of human group life and conduct. Blumer outlines his micro theory of symbolic interactionsim with three central principles. The first principle, meaning, states that humans act toward people and things, based upon the meanings they have given to those people or things, and meaning is a central influence on human behavior. The guerilla principle regards language as a means by which to negotiate through symbols.According to Blumer, it is by engaging in acts of speech with other individuals that humans come to recognize meaning, enabling the development of discourse. The third and last-place principle is though t, which is based on language, and is a mental representation of conversation or duologue, requiring role taking and imagining different points of view. Essentially, Blumer supported the micro perspective of individuals influencing society because he believed the language and meaning of language explains social action. In contrast, Talcott Parsons macro approach to social action and interaction reveals a different conclusion.Parsons developed the theory of functionalism, which serves as a material that views society as a complex system, whose parts work together in order to put forward stability and solidarity. Parsons approach views society with a broad focus on the social structures that shape society as a whole, adopting a macro orientation to social action. Looking simultaneously at social structure and social functions, the theory of functionalism tackles society as a whole in terms of the functions that compose elements. These elements mostly include norms, traditions, cust oms and institutions.For example, it is like the human body the individual parts work together for the execution of the body as a whole. Functionalists such as Parsons support the notion that a social role is created due to the repetition of behaviors in interactions with the advantage of expectations. The role that is created is defined by Parsons as the regular, repetition of participation in concrete social interactions with specific role-partners. Eventually, Parsons concept of roles was formed into a collective definition that is functional as they assistance society in service and satisfying its functional needs, enabling society to run smoothly.I support both Blumers micro aim orientation as well as Parsons macro orientated theoretical arguments in that they acknowledge the capabilities of the individual and the adaptability of society, implicating a dialogue between the two entities. However I believe limitations exist in that both theorists place primacy of one orienta tion over the other, and as a result are neglecting a holistic approach. Research questions that have emerged from functionalist theories add new depth and dimension to the basic concept of functionalism.For instance, acclivitous theorists have inquired about functionalists tendency to see only the benefits of various institutional relationships brought to society, posing the question of whether or not institutions can be autocratic and exploitative. Further emergent research questions address whether or not social institutions create social constraints, and controversially ponder why anything should change if it is already functional to society. Ultimately this discourse inspires sociological thought to continue developing and evolving over time. 6.Traditionally, theorists and theories that generally support one of two orientations have dominated the discipline of sociology. The first orientation is regarded as a macro-perspective, with an analysis of society focused on the larg er overall structure of society, placing an emphasis on social systems and institutions, or structure, and the ensuing tendency for the structure to dominate the individual. The second orientation can be described as a zoomed in image of society, with a focus on the every day individual and group interactions, with the implication that the individual is being dominated by the structure of society.It is through these two distinct lenses that sociologists have contributed to the larger discourse regarding social justice and equality, yet the disconnect manifests in the perceptive cohesion of these two orientations. Contemporary sociologists, such as Anthony Giddens theory of structuration and the sanction theory in feminist thought, have sparked a revolution in sociological thought with the unorthodox notion that the actor, or individual, and the agency, the structure, are in fact of equal primacy, and represent a duality rather than a hierarchy.In addition to manner of speaking thi s connection to the surface of sociological discourse, many contemporary theorists theories are dispute the limitations of solely using one orientation in the effort to residuum humanitys understanding that individuals posses the will to maintain social relations based on the comprehension of power, social reproduction, and institutional constraints. Giddens developed the theory of structuration, and, like many other contemporary theorists like Pierre Bourdieu, the theory supports the integrating of macro and micro orientations.The structuration theory centers on the consensual duality of structure and agency, where the agent and the structure intersect, arguing that they are a dichotomy where one wouldnt exist without the other. Giddens argues that the individual, or agency, is essentially responsible for their surroundings as they are reflexive and possess the ability to adapt to the ever-changing social structures and institutions, which also adapt to the individuals behavior, creating an ongoing dialogue between the two entities.The argument for a rejection of primacy between the agency and structure includes the objective of literal social change that can result from social scientific knowledge of society. Giddens continues to argue that it is the individuals motives that dictate the larger plan of action and the routinized practices determine what the action will manifest as. According to this logic Giddens proposes that individuals therefore have the ability to change their actions, which produce unintended and inevitable consequences, influencing future actions.Giddens critiques sociologists for placing too much emphasis on the constraints of social structure when he believes it is only through this activity of the individual agent that structure, or rules and resources, can exist at all. In fact, Giddens purports that a social structure or system is composed of a set of produced and reproduced relations between agents. It is this belief in the dual ity of agency and structure, as well as the disposition to alter the discourse to ncorporate an corporate orientation rather than separate orientations, that Giddens has significantly contributed to the discussion and debate of macro and micro orientations, citing the inability for one to exist without the other. Despite criticism of structuration as inadequate, Giddens work continues to influence and inspire contemporary social thought.Feminist thought and the empowerment theory takes an additional step gumption from sociological discourse to evaluate the misconception of objectivity found in Eurocentric, male dominated standpoints and argue for the need to take a subjective perspective in order to achieve any social change. Additionally, feminist thought advocates for the integration of orientations to examine the individuals experience as kindred, or dualistic, with the social structure in which the individual plays an active role in shaping.It is also deemed necessary that the interrelationships between the individual, groups and society are examined from a subjective, integrated orientation in order to make the leap from social theory to social practice. According to feminist thought, by making the previously personal world of the individual political the barrier between the individual and society is broken down and lays the foundation for individuals to influence and experience social change.The empowerment theory suggests that production and maintenance of society is dependent upon the individuals who are socially considered undesirable, casting these occupations as invisible in society and, accompanied by a societal ideology that lacks public appreciation for these occupations, the undesirable individuals also believe their work is invisible, revealing the distortion of societal components. It is within feminist thought that the empowerment theory extends not only to women, but any subordinate, oppressed group or individual within the larger socie ty.This emerging connection between the personal and political individuality parallels Giddens support of combine the macro and micro orientations in order to achieve any significant social change, and I support both approaches. I believe that with the integration of the orientations true social change can be achieved, and that further examination of the crossbreeding between agency and structure can enhance the limitations of noncurrent sociological thought. By creating and maintaining a boundary between these two worlds and rejecting the notion of a duality, a cognitive dissonance will continue to reside in the lives of oppressed and arginalized individuals without any hope for societal change. Contemporary sociologists moldiness continue to transcend this boundary, accepting the inherent subjectivity found in any social science and focusing on fostering a productive sociological discourse with the goal of social justice. As Marx a stoutly stated in the mid-19th century, phil osophers have only interpreted the world the point, however, is to change it. 7. As the gallant theory is considered the most abstract level of sociological theory, the initial intentions of such a theory are discussed in an abstract, proud way.Grand Theory, a term created by American sociologist C. Wright Mills, refers to the preference for form-only(prenominal) organization and the arrangement of concepts over understanding the social world. The concept of an overarching, marvellous sociological theory can be applicable in an majestic setting, where each diverse aspect of society is equitably dealt with and examined to formulate widely accepted conclusions about the world. However, the emphasis tends to focus on concepts that are generally disconnected from the concrete, every day realities of societal life.I believe that an adapted mutant of a kB theory in sociology is necessary to the extent that it has the ability to provide a structured framework in an otherwise unbeli evably complex social world. However, I also believe the unionptuous theory should not be accepted as universal but instead should be considered a continuous work in progress that is added to over time as traditionally invisible issues continue to surface, creating multiple new dimensions of potential thought. Throughout sociological history the theoretical supporters and critics of a grand theory have been numerous.Karl Marxs Historical Materialism, Anthony Giddens The Juggernaut of Modernity, and Talcott Parsons Actions Theory each offer various uses and perspectives of grand theory concepts. The evolution of the concept of a grand theory can be seen throughout these noteworthy theorists work. For example, Marxs work with the grand theory of historical materialism put onward a streamlined argument that stated economic relations were the foundation of social structure, regardless of any other variable.Embedded in this theory is the idea of an overarching, universal definition of social structure contingent solely upon economic and material relations. This revolutionary idea may have been appropriate in the historical context of the theory, yet weaknesses in the universal concept of a grand theory appear in the absence of any other variable which undoubtedly impacted the social structure of Marxs time.Anthony Giddens uses the concept of a grand theory to examine modernity, differentiating from the streamlined definition of society as purported by Marx by including a complex assortment of variables, which contribute to modernity. Giddens relates modernity to an overpowering force that transcends everything in its path with the implication that it is uncontrollable. Giddens also suggests that the overpowering force of modernity is dynamic, with the consequences of actions unforeseeable and uncontrollable, yet it manages to adjust based on reflexive actions, creating new societal problems in the process.Overall, Giddens interpretation of grand theory offers a more complex framework for analyzing society in modernity, yet it is left open ended as Giddens anticipates the creation of a new slew of issues that will plague society based on the adjustments made from previous issues. Talcott Parsons is credited with the continuing the quest toward the theoretical evolutionary development of structural functionalism and open uped what can be defined as a grand theory of action systems, despite the fact that Parsons himself declined to identify it as a grand theory.Parsons contributes to the discussion of grand theories in that he expanded the theory to consist of influence from various disciplines aside from sociology, including psychological, economical, political and religious components. Parsons also connected the concepts of motives as part of our actions, and determined that social science must take ends, purposes and ideals into consideration when creating a grand theory. Parsons move to integrate all of the social sciences within an ove rarching, grand theoretical framework that aimed to include aspects of both macro and micro orientations.Tracing the evolution of the concept of a grand theory reveals the irony rooted in the quest for such a grand theory, which is that despite attempts to create universal truths regarding society independent of time and space, such independence is not possible. Marx, Giddens and Parsons each lived in their own, sparingly different time periods and as a result one can observe the variations in their concepts of grand theories.I believe that the evolution of a grand theory is a continuous one with no particular end, because as Giddens suggested, the flexibility of society to adapt to societal issues in turn creates new societal issues, suggesting the permanence of such an analytical cycle. 8. Among Emile Durkheims plethora of contributions to sociological theory emerges an unorthodox, evolutionary approach, which considered society to be like an organism, distinguishing two central characteristics as structure and function. Durkheims contributions also include helping establish and define the field of sociology as an academic order.Durkheim expanded the limitations of the study of sociology when he argued that sociologists should study particular features of collective, or group, life. He suggested that society exists independently of the individuals in it, as societies influence individuals through established norms, sentiments, and social facts. Durkheim contributed the inquiry of study regarding modern society and its ability to remain cohesive despite the individuation and self-sufficiency of each person, as well as the study of social facts representing features of the group that cannot be examined independently of either the collective or the individual.Emile Durkheims writings are recognized for forming the foundation of functionalist thought, which remains among the oldest and most supreme theoretical perspectives in the study of sociology. The found ations of functionalism center on two categories the individual organism and society being seen as analogous, and the examination of the objective social world with the application of the scientific method.Durkheim was one of the first sociologists to make use of scientific and statistical data to conduct sociological research, such as with his famous work Suicide, using real data to examine the phenomenon of suicide among religious groups. By incorporating the scientific method as a central method of research, Durkheim implicitly contributed the assertion that the social world can be studied in the same ways as the physical world. Regarding Durkheims relation to structuralism, he was concerned with the question of how particular societies are able to maintain stability internally and are capable of survival over time.Durkheim discussed structuralism in two variations, with the first referring to the pre-industrial societies that were structured on equivalent parts connected by shar ed values, and the second referring to more complex post-industrial societies that are connected through specialization and strong interdependence. The essence of Durkheims relation to structuralism and functionalism is the concept of the whole being greater than the sum of its parts, with society being greater than the individuals.Talcott Parsons offers a contemporary perspective on the concepts of structuralism and builds on Durkheims interpretation by discussing structuralism as a framework to examine society as a complex system whose parts work together in order to promote solidarity and stability. The focus on Parsons work is on the social structures that shape society as a whole, determining that each individual has a set of expectations based on others actions and reactions to that individuals own behavior.Parsons also contributes the idea of the role, established through the repetition of behaviors and interactions dictated by social structure and that become recognized as n ormal. This concept of roles evolved into the groups of roles that match each other and ultimately fulfill functions for society, in the sense datum that they assist society in operating and running smoothly. In conclusion, the concepts put forth by the theories of functionalism and structuralism has had a significant impact on the study of sociology.Durkheim utilized the scientific method, and for this leap to a parallel with the natural sciences and indeed more validity I am in support. However, Durkheims scientific method was perceived from an inherently Eurocentric male standpoint, and consequently produced tawdry results. Emile Durkheim is ascribed with forming the foundation of thought in the functionalist orientation, and continued to attempt revolutions in sociological thought throughout his lifes work. Talcott Parsons is one of many contemporary theorists who have built upon Durkheims original theory y contributing contemporary rationalizations and have enhanced the soc iological discussion regarding the macro military rank of a modern functioning society. I support Parsons concept of social roles that are dictated on social expectations and are controlled by social structure, yet I find limitations in the neglect of an analysis of the social roles for subordinate individuals and groups, and without this analysis social justice will remain an idealistic theory. 9. The theoretical contributions and approaches of sociological theorists such as W.E. B. Du Bois and Patricia Hill Collins are significant in the conversation of sociological history as they take the unorthodox approach of delving into the perception of historically invisible issues regarding race and gender. For instance, Du Bois approaches the subject of race that centers on describing and explaining the actual, instead of theoretical, daily life conditions of African Americans, such as the threat of racially motivated violence like lynching, and the psychological damage of being separat e but equal under Jim blow laws.This brought a clearness of vision of specific phenomenon to the sociological conversation, with a focus on race, and an extension to any colored group that has experienced Eurocentric imperialism. In regards to racial discrimination, Du Bois granted the primary responsibility of the social construction of racism on capitalism, and Du Bois was sympathetic to socialist causes throughout his work. Du Bois utilized deductive analysis, accompanied by empirical observation, to examine the experience of African Americans throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.Du Bois was primarily focused on variables that had been ignored by his sociological predecessors with particular attention paid to the intersection of race and class. He was interested in how the intersection of these variables contributes to broader cultural patterns dictating the stratification of individuals along lines of race and class and the shaping of individuals perceptions and experiences. Du Bois offers his conceptualization of race in comparing the variety of races around the world, with the U. S. housing two of the most extreme examples of race on the planet.As a result, the concept of the double consciousness exists, as African Americans may ask themselves on daily occasions what identity is truly theirs. For instance, one competency ask, am I American or am I pitch-dark? Can I be both? Does being saturnine give me more of an obligation to assert my nationality than European immigrants would? Further, the double consciousness is the sense of otherness that prevents this uniform sense of self in accordance with the American image and produces a sense of two-ness, both American and black.In addition, Du Bois concept of the veil represents the distance that is felt socially between people of separate races, most significantly keeping the less dominant group, blacks, out of the dominant groups, whiteness, world. Patricia Hill Collins continues to build on the conc epts highlighted by Du Bois work, and instead of extending his conversation about race and class Collins adopts an unconventional method of examining the intersection of race and gender.Collins emphasizes the specific experiences of black women as intersecting categories of oppression, with the goal of extending the discourse into other oppressed individuals and social groups. Collins theorizes that black women stand at the focal point where two historically powerful systems of oppression meet gender and race, focusing on black women as outsiders within the larger, white male dominated society. According to Collins, by acknowledging this intersection of oppression, the possibility to see into other social injustices.Collins identifies three aspects of every day life in which black women are affected by and manage their race and definitions of identity in the greater American culture. These three aspects are known as good spaces where black women are able to articulate their thought s and feelings without the social compel of mainstream society, which creates the double consciousness experienced by racial divide. The creation of the safe space is essential for the survival of oppressed groups, as they provide a unique place away from the ruling ideologies.For instance, one safe space for black women is in their relationships with each other. By empowering themselves in their own relationships, black women are able to help each other learn the knowledge to survive. Other safe spaces include black womens blues traditions, followed by black female literature and poetry. Through these art forms, black women are able to approach the concepts of social injustice in a non-threatening manner.Collins also adds that groups must identify themselves, instead of letting other identify them. In conclusion, W. E. B. Du Bois and Patricia Hill Collins have made significant contributions to the sociological discussion of social injustice by forcing the issues of racial, class, and gender inequalities to the surface of social discourse. I find the work of Collins to be an extension of what Du Bois began, and I support the shared goal for both theorists in their quest for social justice for all subordinate groups.In fact, I believe that the combination of work from Du Bois and Collins epitomizes the essence of micro sociology, as they are able to articulate the invisible yet powerful social constraints that subordinate individuals and groups experience, and represents a transcendence of sociological thought above Eurocentric male standpoints. Their work has left deep impressions on current and future sociological theorists and essentially opened the introduction for the study of other socially oppressed groups.

It Final

Week 8 Wk8 Final Exam(TCO A) Based on the examples in the chapter, if you were asked to formulate a invent for a regional drive-in restaurant chains efforts to expend information engineering to develop a loyal customer base, what would be the best use of information technology from the angle of inclination below? (Points 8) Use IT to increase supplier loyalty. Use IT to increase operational efficiency. Use IT to create new products and worry determines. Use IT to achieve customer intimacy.(TCO B) ________ are visual tools for presenting performance selective information in a BI system. (Points 8) Dashboards and scorecards Parameterized reports Reports and the drill-down feature Scenarios and models (TCO C) The type of logical database model that treats data as if they were stored in twain-dimensional tables is the (Points 8) OODBMS. pre-digital DBMS. relational DBMS. hierarchical DBMS. (TCO D) IT staffing is trim back in a cloud computing environment because (Points 8) There is slight infrastructure to manage and maintain. There is a reduction in local anaesthetic software installation on individual work-stations Most services take are addressable from the cloud All of the above (TCO E) Which of the following factors provides an rationality of why computing resources today are ever more available than in previous decades? (Points 8)network economics law of mass digital depot and Moores law declining communications costs, universal standards, and the Internetall of the above(TCO F) Change is (Points 8) not welcome in any methodologies accepted often using traditional methodologies foundational principle of brisk methodologiesalways to be done at the end of the project(TCO G) Many security attacks kick the bucket because (Points 7) drug users open documents that they think come from a co-workers users leave their computers running user download illegal movies and music corporate firewalls are not reliableWeek 8 Wk8 Final Exam(T CO G) Define the basic concepts of responsibility, accountability, and liability as applied to honest decisions. How are these concepts related? (Points 35)(TCO F) Differentiate between intangible and tangible benefits and list three examples of each. In what types of systems are intangible benefits more predominant? (Points 35)(TCO E) sleep with between grid computing, cloud computing, and utility computing. (Points 35)(TCO D) What is cloud computing and how do you think its developments could impact businesses? (Points 35)(TCO C) What types of relationships are possible in a relational database? Describe and give an example of each. (Points 35)(TCO B) You are evaluating BI software from a variety of vendors. Identify six elements in the BI environment. Use your apprehension of the importance of these elements to formulate six questions to ask the vendor in hunting lodge to determine how their software will interplay with your needs. (Points 35)(TCO A)Assess at least two benefits of using enterprise systems. (Points 35)

Race and Ethnicity Essay

Throughout the course of this twisted Monopoly, some(prenominal) reputations and separates arose to become apparent. However the two main depicted objects that I observed were grammatical g demi jut outr biases and stereotypes involving race and inequality. These two themes became apparent through the traits and personality the doers began demonstrating as the punt went on. It was obvious that the blue staminate person (which would match a white-hot priapic in real livelihood) became greedy and aggressive as he was dress out up to be successful and of course was. You then see how player three and five become unsuccessful because of how the feisty is set out up.This represents the stereotype of a woman who is considered an inferior. As the game went on these players were very overcautious of every decision they made because it was made obvious that each atomic number 53 was indeed very critical to any success they strived to achieve. By the end of the game it was extr emely apparent to everyone that certain opportunities were given to certain bulk in the game. This basically made it impossible for them to lose this game. This theme up to now then transfers to reality in that the stereo typical white male will usually be given a much split opportunity then say an Afri cigaret American female.The two words that I chose reflects the two themes of race and gender stereo types and how they correspond with success or opportunities. In the first clause, employment Gender Bias Not dear between Strangers, they discuss how in that location is substantial inequalities between genders in the neo workplace and the evidence for stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. They then as well discuss how this concept can then be applied to race or age minorities as well. The article also explains the satisfying difference in that studies show that there are gender differences in career choices, salary, harassment, etc.This directly relates to our theme in our game in that the money and income the blue male (which be a white male) was much greater than that of the red female (who could represent a female minority). In addition, the article explains how many women face significant challenges in career advancement, and Women are more than likely to self-select into less prestigious and lower paying careers compared to men (Konrad, 2003). There were many similarities between this article and our monopoly game in that stereo types and feminization of women occur and are apparent in real life just like our game.It is similar in that just like how the article describes and how it is true up in baseball club, women are treat as inferior in our game. Because in society women are stamp and made the inferior. Like in the game, in real life a women of a minority will struggle so much more to become successful making every decision critical because of the look they are viewed in society. It is also relative in that this is to be tru e non only for just women, further for race and other minorities of society as well. In society and in the game, these stack are not given as good of opportunities as the superior and it is much more difficult to make it.There is a direct correlation between what is expound in the article and what happened in the game. In conclusion, this article relates to one of the themes of our game in that there is gender inequality in reality and the male is more likely to succeed with a higher income and greater opportunity. at bottom the second article, Racial Mismatch in the Classroom beyond Black-White Differences, demonstrates our theme of race inequality.The main point the article is trying to show is that research shows that when the teacher is of the same race or ethnicity of the student, they receive more positive(p) and helpful instruction than if the student is of a different race or ethnicity of the teacher. The research and analysis was mostly based on color and white su bjects however. This article not only can relate to just race, but also class, gender, background, IQ, and other factors like we would see in our game. The second article directly corresponds with our game and our other theme in that people of different race are given different opportunity to succeed in life quite often and are stereotyped as well.We see that a white student with a white teacher would be getting a 1 / 2.better education which then sets them up in that they are more likely to succeed in life than the color student. In our game we see that the player who represents our white male is set up to succeed, while our player who represents a minority is set up to fail. This is similar to our game because certain people would work well unitedly and bargain, while some people were just cast aside or not even given the opportunity to bargain because of the unfortunate flock they were under.Both of these articles relate to our game in that they represent the opportunities and stereo types ofnot only race and class, but gender as well. These stereotypes are also apparent and can be true in reality also. So we see that the changes made in our monopoly game, and the articles found, directly relate to real life and how society works. Although it may be harsh, it is true and can be prove by not many studies and articles, but our twisted monopoly game as well that certain people (like the white male) are going to succeed much more often than someone like a black female. There are these stereotypes because in reality a majority of people fit into them.They fit into them not in the way people normally believe they do, but because society and the superior have created them. That then changes the opportunities in life and the circumstances in which they are under. Works Cited Nadler, J. T. , & Stockdale, M. S. (2012). Workplace Gender Bias Not Just Between Strangers. North American Journal Of Psychology, 14(2), 281-291. McGrady, P. B. , & Reynolds, J. R. ( 2013). Racial Mismatch in the Classroom Beyond Black- white Differences. Sociology Of Education, 86(1), 3-17. doi10. 1177/0038040712444857 POWERED BY TCPDF (WWW. TCPDF. ORG).

Knowing Your Audience

Running head KNOWING YOUR AUDIENCE subtile Your reference Name BCOM/275 Teacher Knowing Your reference On August 5, 2010, a small copper mine located in Chile suffered a cave-in which left 33 workers pin down underground. With workers cosmos pin down 300 meters beneath ground with limited food, water, and oxygen, nobody knew for sure how long they would survive. After quartette days of world pin down, there was still no idea if both of the miners were even alive. Never before collect so m either workers survived being detain underground for so long (Yang, 2010).Fortunately, in this case, tears glowering to amazement as all 33 miners were located and rescued without either lives lost. Nobody really ever expects to encounter a situation wish well this until it happens. What does the employer tell the families of those who atomic number 18 trapped in the mine? What does the employer tell its employees? These be questions that m each people do not prepargon themselves fo r. These types of communications moldiness(prenominal) be handled delicately and with the reference in take heed. What argon some terms to dream up given the different roles and people in the ear lay down?This paper leave discuss some of the potential take of the families of the miners in receiving a centre nearly this casualty. It impart to a fault discuss the potential needs of the associations employees when receiving a pass dependable about this incident. Finally, this paper go forth ripple about what actions a person must take before and later on the put across is delivered to ensure that it was received as intended. As mentioned earlier, there ar some circumstances a person has to conceive when communicating with the families of the victims and employees in this way out because of the different roles and people in the audience.If the audience is not taken into consideration when conveying a subject, the communication could be lost, misunderstood, o r incomplete. This could leave the audience misinformed and angry. When communicating with the families, there should be a sense of empathy and sympathy direct toward them. Communication to the families should be prompt so that they do not baffle to hear about what happened to their loved ones on the word of honor. The families of the victims would probably resembling to go how this could have happened and what is being done to get them out.The families dont cut as much about mining as the employees do so they would probably like an explanation of what went wrong. These types of situations are tough because the comp both wants to livelihood the families informed, but sometimes the transmitter make outs as much about the incident as the families do. Communicating to the employees about the incident would be a myopic different. People that work in the mining field get it on about the dangers of cave-ins al admity. So there would be no need to go into distributor point abou t the incident. The communication should reiterate the importance of safety on-the-job.The communication should as well as let the employees know that everything possible is being done to rescue the trapped workers. Keeping in straits that the employees could have friends who are trapped, the communication should besides mention to employees that if they are not in the right state of mind to work, they should take time off for their own safety. Before a message of every kind is delivered to the audience it should be proof contract and double-checked for grammatical errors and misspelled words. The vector should overly find out if there are going to be any language barriers when communicating with the audience.If the method of communication is a auditory sensation call, it is a good idea to have a prewritten script to read off of to ensure that the communication is clear and concise. At the end of the message, the vector should ask the audience if they have any questions regar ding the message or the situation. This give make sure that the message was delivered clearly and accurately. Depending on the circumstances, a critical review communication may be made necessary to lionize the families and employees cutting-edge on the situation. Conclusion All communications must be designed with the audience in mind.The communication pass on vary, depending on the circumstances and needs of the audience. If the needs of the audience are not considered before conveying a message, there is a good chance the communication could be incomplete, inaccurate, or unsuitable for the audience. In a situation like what occurred in the Chilean mine collapse, extra care needs to be taken when gain out to the families of the victims. References Weik, J. (2010). Over 30 workers trapped after chilean mine collapse. Manuscript submitted for publication, Library, University of Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona. Retrieved from http//web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. om/ehos t/ elaborate? sid=84e3b3de-0140- Yang, J. (2010). From collapse to rescue inside the chile mine. The Star, Retrieved from http//www. thestar. com/ intelligence agency/world/chile/article/873382 Communication 1 (Phone call to families of trapped miners) This is Mike Miller, operations supervisor at San Jose mine. One of our mines suffered a cave-in at present leaving 33 of our employees, including your husband, trapped underground for the time being. We have no information as to their physical condition or how long it ordain be before we can puddle them. We have everyone possible works on the situation and we are hoping to have them out very soon.I upright want to let you know that my prayers are with your family. If you have any questions at all dont hesitate to call. As soon as we hear anything you will be the first to know. Communication 2 (Memo to employees) To San Jose exploit Employees One of our mines suffered a cave-in nowadays leaving 33 of our employees trapped underg round. We are currently works on the situation and are doing everything we can to reach them. This situation should remind us how careful we need to be when we are working in the mines. As soon as we have any information on the situation we will let you know. Human ResourcesKnowing Your AudienceRunning head KNOWING YOUR AUDIENCE Knowing Your Audience Name BCOM/275 Teacher Knowing Your Audience On August 5, 2010, a small copper mine located in Chile suffered a cave-in which left 33 workers trapped underground. With workers being trapped 300 meters below ground with limited food, water, and oxygen, nobody knew for sure how long they would survive. After quaternity days of being trapped, there was still no idea if any of the miners were even alive. Never before have so many workers survived being trapped underground for so long (Yang, 2010).Fortunately, in this case, tears moody to amazement as all 33 miners were located and rescued without any lives lost. Nobody really ever expects to encounter a situation like this until it happens. What does the employer tell the families of those who are trapped in the mine? What does the employer tell its employees? These are questions that many people do not prepare themselves for. These types of communications must be handled delicately and with the audience in mind. What are some considerations to remember given the different roles and people in the audience?This paper will discuss some of the potential needs of the families of the miners in receiving a message about this incident. It will also discuss the potential needs of the familiaritys employees when receiving a message about this incident. Finally, this paper will babble out about what actions a person must take before and after the message is delivered to ensure that it was received as intended. As mentioned earlier, there are some considerations a person has to remember when communicating with the families of the victims and employees in this social functio n because of the different roles and people in the audience.If the audience is not taken into consideration when conveying a message, the communication could be lost, misunderstood, or incomplete. This could leave the audience misinformed and angry. When communicating with the families, there should be a sense of empathy and sympathy direct toward them. Communication to the families should be prompt so that they do not have to hear about what happened to their loved ones on the news. The families of the victims would probably like to know how this could have happened and what is being done to get them out.The families dont know as much about mining as the employees do so they would probably like an explanation of what went wrong. These types of situations are tough because the company wants to keep the families informed, but sometimes the transmitter knows as much about the incident as the families do. Communicating to the employees about the incident would be a teentsy different. People that work in the mining field know about the dangers of cave-ins already. So there would be no need to go into detail about the incident. The communication should reiterate the importance of safety on-the-job.The communication should also let the employees know that everything possible is being done to rescue the trapped workers. Keeping in mind that the employees could have friends who are trapped, the communication should also mention to employees that if they are not in the right state of mind to work, they should take time off for their own safety. Before a message of any kind is delivered to the audience it should be proofread and double-checked for grammatical errors and misspelled words. The sender should also find out if there are going to be any language barriers when communicating with the audience.If the method of communication is a hollo call, it is a good idea to have a prewritten script to read off of to ensure that the communication is clear and concise. At t he end of the message, the sender should ask the audience if they have any questions regarding the message or the situation. This will make sure that the message was delivered clearly and accurately. Depending on the circumstances, a carry through communication may be made necessary to keep the families and employees with-it on the situation. Conclusion All communications must be designed with the audience in mind.The communication will vary, depending on the circumstances and needs of the audience. If the needs of the audience are not considered before conveying a message, there is a good chance the communication could be incomplete, inaccurate, or unsuitable for the audience. In a situation like what occurred in the Chilean mine collapse, extra care needs to be taken when grasp out to the families of the victims. References Weik, J. (2010). Over 30 workers trapped after chilean mine collapse. Manuscript submitted for publication, Library, University of Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona. Retrieved from http//web. ebscohost. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. om/ehost/detail? sid=84e3b3de-0140- Yang, J. (2010). From collapse to rescue inside the chile mine. The Star, Retrieved from http//www. thestar. com/news/world/chile/article/873382 Communication 1 (Phone call to families of trapped miners) This is Mike Miller, operations supervisor at San Jose mine. One of our mines suffered a cave-in today leaving 33 of our employees, including your husband, trapped underground for the time being. We have no information as to their physical condition or how long it will be before we can reach them. We have everyone possible working on the situation and we are hoping to have them out very soon.I just want to let you know that my prayers are with your family. If you have any questions at all dont hesitate to call. As soon as we hear anything you will be the first to know. Communication 2 (Memo to employees) To San Jose tap Employees One of our mines suffered a cave-in today leaving 3 3 of our employees trapped underground. We are currently working on the situation and are doing everything we can to reach them. This situation should remind us how careful we need to be when we are working in the mines. As soon as we have any information on the situation we will let you know. Human Resources

“How to Poison the Earth” Analysis Essay

How to poison the farming Saukko essay In How to toxicant the Earth, the author Saukko uses sarcasm, satire, and ironic text in order to capture the readers assistance and cave in them understand her purpose in the essay, which is to show people the next of out planet. From the very start, her thesis is very straight forward and grabs your attendance right away. Poisoning the public can be difficult because the earth is always trying to cleanse and renew itself. A sense of sarcasm is noticed in the authors tone as she is stating that even though we progress to al these toxic chemicals like uranium-238 which is takes million of years to dipsose, and nuclear fountain plants that create hundreds of plutonium each ear. It is still not enough for the earth to be polluted is ironic. Next she transitions into a step-by-step guide on different ways to put these substances around the earth environment. By path of injection into the soil, where it then travels to the water, and then into the air.Which will come back tote up the ground in the form of rain thus creating a unfailing cycle of chemical revolving polluting the earth. She adds data and statics in order to demonstrate the large amount of toxic substances that is occurring in reality. It is not exaggerated as the information is collected from the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) She then links the ocean with her thesis by stating that it is the hardest to contaminate due to it ability to neutralize some of the substances as salubrious as its large capacity.Which allows it to be the best long term reposition as she says we must use the ocean as a cast out place for as many toxins as possible. Using ironic text to grab the readers attention with her true purpose. All in all, Linnea saukko use of satire, sarcasm, and ironic text in order to convey her message to the audience works. As a in direct way or vague in hope that the reader will catch on to her purpose and make the reader understand t hat the earth is being polluted in a larger scale that what we perceive.

Definition of Poetry Essay

According to W.H.Hudson we all have a sense of what meter constitutes. There are innumer adequate to(p) definitions of rime given by poets and critics of poetry and out of which Hudson chooses some famous definitions.They are given below * Johnson mensural composition , it is the art of uniting pleasure with truth by profession imagination to the help of reason * Macaulay we mean the art of employing words in such a manner as to produce an illusion on the imagination, the art of doing by government agency of words what the painter does by means of colours * Carlyle We will call Musical thought* Shelley In a general sense may be defined as the verbiage of the imagination * Hazlitt It is the terminology of the imagination and the dears * Leigh Hunt The utterance of a passion for truth, beauty, and power, embodying and illustrating its conceptions by imagination and fancy, and modulating its language on the principle of variety in unity * Coleridge Poetry is the antithesis of s cience, having for its immediate object pleasure, not truth * WordsworthIt is the steer and finer spirit of all knowledge and the impassi superstard expression which is in the countenance of all science * Edgar Allan Poe It is the rhythmic creation of beauty * Keble A vent for overcharged feeling or a full imagination * Doyle It expresses our dissatisfaction with what is turn over and close at hand * Ruskin The suggestion by the imagination, of noble one thousand for the noble emotions * Prof.Courthope The art of producing pleasure by the just expression of visionary thought and feeling in metrical language * Mr. Watts-Dunton The concrete and elegant expression of the kind mind in emotional and rhythmical language * Matthew Arnold* It is simply the most delightful and sinless form of utterance that human words can reach * It is nothing less than the most perfect speech of man that in which he comes nearest to being able to utter the truth * It is a criticism of life under th e conditions refractory for such a criticism by the laws of poetical truth and poetic beautyAs Hudson state when we look at them critically, and compare them with one another, certain disturbing facts about them become clear. Commenting on these definitions Hudson concludes they are almost distracting in their variety because the subject is approached from many different points of view. Some, strictly speaking, transgress to define, because they express rather what is poetical in general, wherever it may be found, than what is specifically poetry.Some, on the other hand, are too narrow and exclusive, because they have a go at it only the particular kind of poetry in which the writer happened to be personally interested.

The Middle Age

The in-between Age has been portrayed as a tumultuous utmost that started from the fall of Rome in 476 AD to the beginnings of the Protestant Reformation in 1517. In spite of all the negative depictions of the utmost, the two most all-important(prenominal) contributions of this current are (1) the bear of independent nations out of the fragmentation of the causation Roman Empire and (2) the rise of urban towns which eventually became centers of trade and continue sparing activity in atomic number 63.Morris Bishop, in the book The warmheartedness Ages, describes this period of European history both as a continuation and a formation. It is a continuation in the sense that it continued the Roman legacy and civilizations, assimilating the barbaric civilizations along the way (Bishop, p. 7). But more importantly, this is a formation, according to Bishop, because out of this period emerged the modern Europe of our times.Out of the ashes of the causation grandeur that was Rome a rose independent nations with a common language and tradition. The Carolingian Empire founded by Charlemagne in 800 AD was subdivided into different geographical patches because of hereditary pattern over his grandsons and great grandsons. These geo-political subdivisions of Europe eventually defined the boundaries of modern Europe as we now know it. It gave birth to the independent nations of France, England, and the Italian city-states. Moreover, it was during the Middle Age that the masses of the different regions of the former empire developed their vernaculars (from Latin vernaculus, out of ones house) that eventually became the modern languages.During the height of the Roman Empire, Latin was used as the language of nobility, politics and church. In medieval times, the Christianized barbaric tribes gradually developed their own version of Latin. The geo-political subdivisions mentioned earliest hastened the rise of these vernaculars that would later develop into independent languages of Italian, French, Spanish and Portuguese. With common political background and language, the independent kingdoms arose. The Crusades also helped strengthen these newly-created kingdoms by weakening the hold off of the nobility and ending the feudal system, thus making the nobles swear loyalty to the king. Indeed, much of Europes boundaries, geographically and politically, were in essence created during the Middle Age.Economic activity during the early Middle Age was almost halted by the constant wars that plagued the boundaries of the former empire. Transferring goods from one location to another proved dangerous, and with the rise of Muslim armies controlling east of the Mediterranean, business between the eastern and occidental regions of the empire declined. The latter part of the Medieval Period, however, was characterized as a period of relative peace, and even though there were political instabilities, especially at bottom the crumbling Byzantine Empire, trad ing flourished within commercial districts and towns.The medieval towns laid the foundations of trading that now characterize modern economy. The system of economy shifted from the land-based feudalism to that of money-based mercantilism. Merchants emerged, and they meshed in banking, which financed economic activity. change surface kings and nobles borrow money from the merchant class, and they were regarded as an important component of the society. With the rise of the merchant class, the material growth lead to the fostering of the arts and literature, as these merchants became patrons of the arts and supporters of artists.Citizens engaging in the businesses or the trades established guilds to promote mutual aid and protection, the forerunners of present-day labor unions. Even the land laborers, who were then very much oppressed, were empowered during this period, as depict by Barbara Rosenwein Peasants, like town citizens, gained a new sense of personal identity and solidar ity as they bargained with a lord keen to increase his income at their disbursement (Rosenwein, p. 224).In summary, the Middle Age created a strong and materially innovative Europe. The independent nations of modern-day Europe owes much to the events that occurred during the period between vitamin D and 1500 AD. The Middle Age also created an atmosphere of active trading and economic activity, which in turn caused proliferation of the arts and culture.Bishop, Morris. The Middle Ages. Houghton Mifflin Books, 2001.Rosenwein, Barbara. A Short narration of the Middle Ages. Broadway Press, 2004.